Author: Martin Brinkmann

When I was young, I studied German, History and English at Essen University in Germany. I worked in computer support for several years at the time to help other computer users when they ran into issues. Writing started out as a passion project, as I wanted to help more users and not just the ones that I handled in support. This lead to the founding of Ghacks Technology News in 2005. First, as a side-project, but shortly thereafter as a full-time project as the site's popularity exploded. I sold Ghacks to Softonic some years ago, but stayed on as Editor. You can still read my articles on the site. I do publish on Betanews as well. In recent years, I started to write and publish technology books, including my latest book "Windows 11 From Beginner to Advanced", which is available on Amazon. I'm also a freelance writer for the German publisher Gamestar. Chipp.in is my newest project. I want to use it to talk about my book projects, sell my books directly, and write about technology, as this is what interests me.

A Tech-YouTuber tested the speed of Windows from XP to 11 and made an astonishing observation

Posted on by Martin Brinkmann

If you have used different versions of Windows, you may have discovered that some versions feel faster than others. Maybe you are still sad that Microsoft dropped support for Windows XP or Windows 7 several years ago, because you found them to be much faster than the latest and greatest versions of Windows.

A direct comparison is difficult, especially for home users, as it is necessary to run all tests on the same hardware and under the same conditions.

Tech-YouTuber TrigrZolt tested the performance of the six most recent Windows versions, from Windows XP all the way up to Windows 11, and publish the results on YouTube.

Key findings:

  • Windows 11 uses significantly more RAM than any other of the tested Windows versions.
  • Windows 11 does not feel as responsive as the other operating systems.

The testing platform is a Lenovo ThinkPad X220 device from 2011. It is powered by an Intel Core i5-2520M processor, 8 gigabytes of RAM and a platter-based hard drive.

What he discovered is remarkable, but the choice of hardware needs to be taken into consideration. Modern operating systems are optimized for Solid State Drives. Additionally, the processor is not supported officially by Windows 11.

How much storage space do the Windows versions occupy on disk?

  • Windows XP (18,9 GB)
  • Windows Vista (37,8 GB)
  • Windows 7 (44,6 GB)
  • Windows 8.1 (27,9 GB)
  • Windows 10 (36,7 GB)
  • Windows 11 (37,3 GB)

Microsoft’s Windows 8.1 operating system comes out first in a comparison of the boot process. It boots faster than any other candidate to boot into the desktop. Windows 11 comes last in the test.

RAM use is not as surprising, as the oldest operating system, Windows XP, requires less than a gigabyte of RAM. Windows Vista, Windows 7 and 8.1 come in second as a group, even though RAM use almost doubled here. It tripled under Windows 10 and more than quadrupled under Windows 11.

Browsing was tested as well. There, the YouTuber tried to open as many browser tabs in the browser Supermium, a Chromium-based browser, until 5 gigabytes of RAM were reached.

The clear winner of the test is Windows 8.1 with 252 open browser tabs. It is followed by Windows 7 with 235 tabs and Windows Vista with 184 tabs. Windows 10 reached 150 tabs while Windows 11 only 49 tabs. Windows XP crashed after 50 tabs were opened, which is still more than Windows 11 managed.

You can check out the full video here:

The YouTube user sums up the test in the following way: “Windows 11 is one of the slowest operating systems out of every version of Windows”.

It seems likely that Windows 10 and 11 would perform better with newer hardware and it would be interesting to see a second test that follows the same modules to find out how all operating systems would perform on a machine that is modern.

However, while hardware gets faster with every passing year, software seems to get slower and heavier as well, eating up much of the performance gains.

A rare PlayStation game is now worth ten times as much as before: here is why

Posted on by Martin Brinkmann

Most physical games for consoles drop in value over time. There are exceptions, however, especially when it comes to games that are released in limited quantity or special editions.

Star Wars Racer Revenge was released for the PlayStation 2 in 2002 originally. It got average scores and was re-released by Limited Run Games in 2019 for the PS4. Since the PS5 supports PS4 games, it can also be run on the PlayStation 5, including the refreshed version.

Good to know: Limited Run Games is a company that re-releases classic games. Think of it as Gog, but for the physical games market and usually with tiny print runs compared to the general market.

Less than 1,000 copies of the game were produced by Limited Run Games reportedly. Up until recently, users could grab a copy from marketplaces such as eBay for about 30 Dollars.

When you check the price of the game now, you may notice that the PS4-version of the game is offered for several hundred Dollars now.

The PS5 jailbreak

Rumors of a potential jailbreak of the PlayStation 5 made the rounds a couple of days ago.

The exploit, reportedly, was found in the PS4 game Star Wars Racer Revenge, which explains why it is in high demand right now. It contains a security issue that enables the running of unsigned code under certain circumstances.

This, according to reports, gave access to the PlayStation 5’s Level 0 BootRom keys, which has been published on the Internet.

Good to know: The Level 0 BootROM contains the keys used to verify and decrypt the very first stage of the console’s startup software.

Hackers may decrypt all subsequent layers of the PlayStation 5’s security using the keys. It could pave the way for custom firmware that hacked consoles can boot into.

The main issue for Sony is that it could bring piracy to its platform.

For Sony, it is a worst case scenario, as it can’t patch the vulnerability via a software update. The company has a few options to respond, but none affect current PlayStation users under certain circumstances.

  • Introduce checks for tampering. This requires an update of the console though and Internet connectivity.
  • Ban consoles of users who run modified firmware. Also works only with Internet connectivity.
  • Release games that require a specific firmware version.
  • Release a new PS5 revision that has new BootRom keys.

As is stands, all current PS5 consoles are vulnerable to the exploit and they may fetch a premium on second-hand marketplaces as well, if Sony releases a revised version of its PS5.

LanguageTool blocks free user access to browser extension: here are the best alternatives

Posted on by Martin Brinkmann

LanguageTool is a popular AI-based grammar checker. It is available as a free — limited — version and a premium version that offers more features for a price.

Free LanguageTool users were limited in several ways since the introduction of the service. It lacked the advanced spell, style and grammar checking capabilities of the premium version. However, up until now, free users could use LanguageTool browser add-ons for deeper integration in web browsers.

This integration is being taken away. When you open the comparison of the free and premium version on the official website, you will notice that Learneo, Inc, the owners of the service, have removed browser add-ons support for free users.

The only integration that remains available is for the open source email client Thunderbird. Support for every browser listed on the page requires a premium subscription now.

Why is LanguageTool making the change? The company does not say, but the main reason is likely to drive subscriptions. Free users who have come to rely on the tool may not want to lose access to it. The only option, if they want to continue using the add-ons, is to pay LanguageTool for the privilege.

LanguageTool users may use copy and paste for the checking of style, spelling, and grammar, but it is cumbersome in comparison.

LanguageTool alternatives

There are two groups that I would like to highlight.

  • The first offers capabilities that are very similar to LanguageTool. These tools rely on server-side checks, like LanguageTool, which makes them convenient to use but not-so-great for privacy.
  • The second group runs locally. This is much better for privacy, but features may be limited because of that or not as powerful.

Best privacy-friendly alternatives

Harper is a free locally-hosted open source grammar checker. That is great for privacy and it does come with browser and services integrations. Since it runs locally, its latency is much lower than that of cloud-based services.

However, the main downside is that Harper supports English only. The developers hinted in the past that other languages would be added in the future, but for now, English and some if its major dialects is all you get.

Self-hosted LanguageTool. It may come as a surprise, but you can actually host a LanguageTool server, if you have the technical know-how to get it up and running. This allows you to continue using the add-ons — I think — and you find starting instructions here. Could be an option for technical users who do not mind setting up their own server and fiddling around with configurations and such.

General alternatives

If you do not mind that your texts are transferred to cloud-based servers for checking, you may find the following tools or services useful.

QuillBot is an all-in-one writing assistant that offers a similar feature set. The free version checks spelling and grammar, comes with a few AI-based features, such as paraphrasing text (up to 125 words), browser extensions (no Firefox apparently), and some other applications and operating systems.

Windows users who use Edge may also check out the free Microsoft Editor of the browser. It offers limited grammar and spell-checking, but lacks deeper functionality.

Grammarly is another popular choice, but it has been criticized heavily in the past for its data collection practices.

Now You: do you use a grammar checker service or something else to make sure that mistakes are kept to a minimum? Feel free to post your suggestions and about your experience with these tools below.

Windows 11 SE: Microsoft confirms the end of the operating system

Posted on by Martin Brinkmann

Microsoft confirmed that Windows 11 SE is on its way out. The operating system will reach end of support in October 2026 and won’t receive updates anymore after that month’s Patch Day. It is one of several Microsoft products that reach end of support or life in 2026.

What is Windows 11 SE? Windows 11 SE is a limited version of Windows 11 that is cloud-first and specifically designed for the education market, which requires cheap, secure, and easy to manage devices.

Microsoft created the operating system as a way to compete directly with Google’s Chromebook, regain lost grounds and increase the reach of its Microsoft 365 ecosystem.

Windows 11 SE offered a simplified interface, better offline capabilities than Chrome, and manageability via Microsoft Intune for Education. Critics found Windows 11 SE to be considerably heavier than Chrome OS. Additionally, availability was limited and users could not install apps on their devices.

Windows 11 SE: the countdown to end of support

Microsoft confirms that Windows 11 SE will no longer be supported after October 2026. This does not come as a total surprise, as Microsoft announced last year already that it would not release another feature update for Windows 11 SE.

The last feature update is Windows 11, version 24H2. From October 2026, Microsoft won’t release software updates or security fixes, and won’t offer technical assistance either.

Devices will continue to work, according to Microsoft. However, Windows 11 SE devices were low-spec devices. Microsoft’s own reference device came with an Intel Celeron N4020 or N4120 processor, 4 or 8 GB of DDR4 RAM, and either 64 GB or 128 GB of eMMC storage.

Third-party manufacturers, including Dell, Lenovo and HP, created custom devices, but they all had in common that components were not designed for speed of performance.

While it may be possible to install a different operating system on the devices, it would be ironic if Chrome OS would be installed on those devices. A clean install of windows 11 may also be an option, at least on some devices. However, this will likely lead to performance issues due to the low-power processor and bare minimum storage for running Windows 11.

It seems unlikely that Microsoft is working on Windows 12 SE. Microsoft recommends that customers migrate to devices that run Windows 11, but does not seem to offer any discounts to affected customers at this point.

These Microsoft products reach end of support or life in 2026

Posted on by Martin Brinkmann

2025 was a tough year for many users of Microsoft products. It was the year that support for Windows 10 ended officially, albeit with the option to extend support by a year for consumers and by up to three years for businesses.

Windows 11, version 22H2 support ended just a few months ago for business customers and version 23H2 support ended for consumers as well. Additionally, Microsoft Office 2016 and 2019 reached end of support.

Looking forward, 2026 will be another interesting year. Consumers who run Windows 10 PCs with ESU will no longer get updates from Microsoft after the one-year extension has run its course.

But that is not the only change. Windows 11, version 24H2 reaches end of support as well. Business customers have to upgrade Windows 11, version 23H2 to ensure that their devices remain supported with updates.

Here is the list of products that reach end of support or life in 2026. Note that this may not be complete, as Microsoft does not provide an easily accessible list for all of its products.

Inspiration was taken from the list over at Deskmodder, but I have fine-tuned it somewhat.

Microsoft Windows

  • Windows 10 2016 LTSB / IoT Enterprise LTSB 2016 reach end of ESU on October 13th, 2026
  • Windows 11, version 23H2 Enterprise/Education/IoT Enterprise editions reach end of support on November 10th, 2026.
  • Windows 11, version 24H2 Home/Pro editions reach end of support on October 13th, 2026.
  • Windows 11 SE, reaches end of support in October 2026.
  • Windows Server 2012 and 2012 R2 reaches end of ESU on October 13th, 2026.
  • Windows Server 2022 reaches end of mainstream support on October 14th, 2026. ESU available.

Microsoft Office

  • Microsoft Office 2021 reaches end of support on October 13th, 2026.
  • Office LTSC 2021 and Office LTSC 2021 for Mac reach end of mainstream support on October 13th, 2026.

Other Microsoft products

  • Microsoft .NET 8 (LTS) reaches end of support on November 10th, 2026.
  • Microsoft .NET 9 reaches end of support on November 10th, 2026
  • PowerShell 7.4 (LTS) reaches end of support on November 10th, 2026.
  • SQL Server 2016 reaches end of extended support on July 14th, 2026.

Generally speaking, Microsoft is supporting Windows 11 Home and Pro editions for two years, while business and Enterprise editions get three years of support.

Now You: Do you use a product or service that is reaching end of support this year? What are your plans dealing with this? Feel free to leave a comment down below.

How to stay relevant in a world filled with AI-generated content

Posted on by Martin Brinkmann

AI content is on the rise. When you search for something on most search engines, you get AI overviews at the very top of the results. The AI takes that content from other sites and processes it for its responses.

While Google is vehemently rejecting the idea of sites getting less visitors from search engines, site owners seem to have a different view on the matter, for the most part at least.

Clearly, a percentage of search engine users won’t click on links that point to sites, if the search engine provided them with the answer to their request. This means, less visitors and the links that Google and others add do not account for the lost traffic, even if you take only the few sites into account that do get links. Additionally, more and more users use AI chats directly instead of search engines.

I do not really think that this trend is reversible, similarly to how other major changes were. As someone who creates content, you have but a few options left to keep doing what you love, provided that it is not just a hobby for you but a job.

It is all about trust

While you cannot really compete with the speed or reach of AI, or major sites out there that still seem to cover every topic imaginable, you have something that AI can’t replicate: the trust of your readers.

While AI can replicate any topic that you write about and provide answers or information, so that many Internet users do not even have to leave the search engine’s website, there can be a level of trust between human writers and their audience that AI can’t replicate.

Even if AI makers would be able to bring down fake answers — they call it hallucinations — to zero, it would still not be the same.

Take the review of a product. If you trust the review, for instance because you were never disappointed by previous reviews from a reviewer, then you may trust any review going forward, unless trust gets broken. With AI, there is no such level of trust. AI uses different sources for its takes on products and it is clear that the AI itself has never tested them.

Another example. Unless a human has reviewed and posted about a software, AI can’t provide you with its own review. It may copy content from the developer’s press release, if there is one, but it can’t review a software on its own.

While all of that may change in the future, it does not change the trust factor, at least not until AI evolves again to the next level.

What that means for this site

Well, it is quite easy. I do not chase search engine rankings anymore. Why should I. As a new and small site, you barely stand a chance anyway against the behemoths out there. Now with AI added as another roadblock, there is even a slimmer chance for driving much traffic from search engines to your site.

My hope, and this may come falling down on my head in the near future, is to focus on quality relationships. Ignore the masses, build a community of likeminded-people who enjoy my content and trust my writings and opinions. No need to always agree on things, but have a level of trust that AI or major sites can’t replicate.

Clearly, this is only sustainable if I find a way to earn enough money from this site to keep it going. I do not want ads and will shut the site down before I start showing generic ads here on this site or ads that track you. All part of the trust relationship.

My intention is to use a tip-system combined with a few carefully selected products that I get affiliate revenue from.

If this works, it would cut the reliance on search engines or any outside source. Grow by word of mouth or references on other likeminded sites or forums.

Well, that is the idea anyway. Would love to hear what you think of it. Feel free to leave a comment down below. Also, if you have an idea, let me know as well.

Google tests Pixel Upgrade Program that always gives customers the newest Pixel

Posted on by Martin Brinkmann

Ah, the yearly phone update. Manufacturers such as Google, Samsung, or Apple release new mobile phones each year. This means that the phone that you buy today is not the hottest piece of hardware after a (maximum) of one year of usage.

That is a problem for users who always want the latest mobile device in their hands.

Google is testing what it calls the Pixel Upgrade Program in India. Announced on the official Google India blog, it sounds like a good deal on first glance: buy a new Pixel device, meet some requirements, and get future Pixel devices automatically while sending back your old devices.

This ensures, according to Google, that you have the latest and greatest Pixel device in your possession at all times.

Is there a catch? Yes, there is one. Google explains how the program works, and here are the caveats:

  • It is only available for no-cost 24-month EMI (Equated Monthly Installments) plans.
  • You need to buy the phone using credit cards from Google’s official partners Bajaj Finance or HDFC Bank.
  • You start a new EMI plan for each new Pixel device you get.

Between the ninth and fifteenth EMI, Pixel-users become eligible to upgrade. They need to trade the current Pixel device through Google’s partner Cashify. Provided that it “powers on and is free of unauthorized repairs”, an amount equal to the remaining loan balance is credited to the user’s bank account. This can be used to close the original loan.

From there, users need to start a new 24-month plan for the brand-new Pixel device.

ProsCons
Always have the latest Pixel device.Long-term renting, owning only if you make all 24 payments.
Predictable costs.Paying premium for (potentially) underwhelming upgrades
Bonus, e.g., free periods for Google AI Pro or YouTube Premium, restart with each phone.Limited to EMI and two banks.

Whenever a customer trades the old device in, the cycle begins anew. It is identical to a never-ending rent, with the benefit of getting the newest Pixel device each year.

Would I use it, if it would be rolled out worldwide? No, I would not. I do not buy in installments or on credit, and do not need the latest device each year. It may be different for others, who want or need the latest all the time.

What about you? Would you be tempted to join such a program to get the latest Pixel device each year? Feel free to leave a comment down below.

How to upgrade to Windows 11, version 25H2, if the upgrade is not offered via Windows Update

Posted on by Martin Brinkmann

Microsoft released the 2025 feature update for Windows 11 in late September 2025. It was a smaller update that installs like a regular update instead of a bigger feature update. That is probably the main reason why Microsoft enabled broad distribution of the update shortly after its release.

The update should install automatically on most Windows 11 devices, provided that version 24H2 — last year’s feature update — is installed.

However, I noticed on one of my machines that Microsoft was not offering the new feature update via Windows Update.

First thing you may want to do in that case is to check if Microsoft has so-called Safeguard Holds in place.

Good to known: A Safeguard Hold blocks updates from machines, if certain issues are known that affect them. Microsoft uses the system to prevent larger issues on PCs that may be caused by updates.

Windows Update does not offer Windows 11, version 25H2 on a fully patched Windows 11, version 24H2 system.

Windows 11, version 25H2 has just three known issues listed on the official Windows 11 health dashboard. Two of these are listed as resolved, one as mitigated.

You may notice that your system is not affected by any of them. This was the case for the machine in question that I tried to upgrade.

Here are a few extra verification steps:

  • Make sure you have all updates installed that are offered via Windows Update. Go to Settings > Windows Update and activate the “check for updates” button.
  • Check the “get the latest updates as soon as they’re available” box.
  • Make sure the main drive has enough free storage space for the update. If it is low, say less than 20 gigabytes, you may want to consider freeing up space.

How to upgrade to Windows 11, version 25H2

Windows administrators who are in the same position have a few options. The easiest is to install a small enablement package, which upgrades the system to the latest feature update release.

There is a problem: Microsoft is not hosting the update file on its Microsoft Update Catalog website. This means that the download has to come from a third-party website, which needs to be trusted.

My recommendation is to download the package from Deskmodder, a German website with an impeccable record.

  1. Download Windows11.0-KB5054156-x64.msu from the website (or another, if you prefer that).
  2. Double-click on the update file to run the upgrade.

If things go well, Windows 11 should be upgraded to version 25H2.

Cookies

Brave: Quick Tip if websites do not react to input when you load them

Posted on by Martin Brinkmann

Brave Browser includes several convenience features, mostly linked to the built-in content blocker. One of the features deals with cookie prompts automatically.

This works well most of the time. Whenever a cookie prompt appears, it is handled immediately by the browser in the most privacy-respecting manner.

Announced in 2022, it has been a feature of the browser ever since and is enabled for all users since mid-2023.

Here is how Brave describes the feature:

One approach (which Brave uses) is to block cookie banners, and to hide and to modify pages to remove any additional annoyance such systems include (such as overlays, preventing scrolling, etc.). Other Web-privacy tools (such as uBlock Origin) can be configured to use this same approach. This approach provides the strongest privacy guarantees: it doesn’t require trusting that the cookie consent systems will respect your choice, and prevents your browser from needing to communicate with consent-tracking systems at all.

Brave blocks cookie banners and deals with any nuisances related to them, including overlays.

However, while that works well most of the time, you may come upon websites that do not seem to work at all. You do not see a cookie prompt, but you can’t interact with the site. No scrolling, clicking on links, copying text. Nothing works.

This may be related to the script that deals with the cookie banners. It is possible that the site changed its code or that Brave does not support the specific cookie prompt the site uses. Brave’s solution relies on EasyList, a community managed list, which means that it works only when sites use one of the identifiers of the list.

Reloading does not resolve the issue, as the site will get stuck again. In fact, the only option that is working is to allow the cookie banner script to display and deal with it manually.

Sidenote: You could dig in the code and find the references to block them manually. May be worth a short, if you visit the site regularly.

The quick solution: Reject everything, deal with the cookie banner manually, and enable the script-blocking of the browser again for the site.

Granted, this is not ideal, as you allow the site to run all of its scripts and such. You could try and allow certain scripts to run only, which is the better approach, if you have the time to adjust this manually, as you will limit scripts this way.

If you are in a hurry though, you may use the method described above to quickly gain access to the site.

Once you have dealt with the cookie banner script, you should be able to use the site in question normally.

You may soon be able to change your Gmail address

Posted on by Martin Brinkmann

Up until very recently, setting up a Gmail account meant that you’d be stuck with the selected email address. Google did not offer any option to change the address. In fact, the only option available was to create an entirely new account to pick a new email address.

This meant that you would lose access to preferences, emails, data and everything else associated with the account.

This seems to be changing, as Google revealed on a support page that address changing is coming to Gmail.

However, the news needs to be taken with a grain of salt. The help page is in Hindi only, which could mean that Google is making the change exclusive to a subset of users.

There, Google writes the following (auto-translated):

Changing the email address of your Google account

Your Google account email address is the address you use, lets you sign in to Google’s services. This email address lets you and others identify your account. If you prefer, your Google account’s email address whose last part is gmail.com can be changed. It could be replaced with a new email address with gmail.com last.

In other words, Google is rolling out a change that lets users change their Gmail address.

What about the old address then, you may ask? It is retained as well to avoid that someone else snags it up and gains access to your emails.

Google reveals that the process can be used once every 12 months at the most. Once a new email has been set, it, or the old, can be used to sign in to Google services.

When is it coming? The functionality is rolling out gradually, as usual. If this is indeed rolling out worldwide, expect weeks or even months before you see the functionality in your account.

Closing Words

The new process makes it easier to switch to a new email address by Gmail. Since you retain access to the old email, you effectively create a second account that you may use from that moment on, without losing access to the first.

Data seems to be shared though, so that your preferences and data are retained, regardless of the account that you use to sign-in.

Now You: do you have and use a Gmail account? Would you change its address name to a new one, if the feature lands? Feel free to leave a comment down below.