Here is a theory for Google’s fight against adblockers on YouTube

Posted on by Martin Brinkmann

You may have read about Google’s increased effort to block or limit adblockers on YouTube. Since adblocking is not a huge issue on mobile, Google’s fight has been mostly against desktop users.

Desktop users, be it on Windows, Linux, or Mac, have several options. They can install content blockers in their browsers to block ads. This is a common option, but far from the only one.

To name a few options:

  • Use a DNS-based adblocking solution.
  • Use a system-wide solution that blocks ads and other unwanted content, e.g., AdGuard.

Desktop and mobile users have other options at their disposal. Popular options include using YouTube frontends such as Invidious or YouTube third-party apps like NewPipe or SmartTube to watch videos without advertisement.

Google’s fight against adblockers intensifies

Google says that it is fighting the fight for content creators on YouTube. While it is true that content creators earn revenue when users watch ads on YouTube, it is also true that YouTube earns money every time as well.

This means that Google’s increased attack on adblocking serves both purposes. It does not end with it, though.

Any YouTube user who disables the adblocker on YouTube gets to see a lot of ads on the site. This can be quite the frustrating experience, especially if ads are shown in the middle of videos.

Here is a theory: Google makes ads on YouTube particularly obnoxious to sell YouTube Premium.

Clearly, YouTube Premium subscriptions offer advantages over ad-based revenue:

  • Subscription revenue is more reliable. It comes in every month, even if a customer does not watch a single second of videos on YouTube.
  • Subscription revenue is higher than the revenue that a user’s ad views generate.
  • If Google’s main advertising business is torpedoed, subscription revenue will continue.

It is in Google’s best interest therefore to sell subscriptions.

The problem with ads

While advertisement can be annoying, especially if too many ads are pushed, there are other reasons why many Internet users dislike them.

One of the main reasons is that they may be used by criminals and threat actors to attack users. Ads may try to convince users to download malware to their devices, open phishing websites, or buy junk status cryptocurrency.

Ads can be reported, but this reporting does not work too reliable. Scam ads may continue to be available even after they have been reported.

There is also the privacy component. Most ads use some form of tracking to increase the bottom line. While tracking will shift fundamentally once Google eliminates third-party cookies later this year, there will still be tracking.

What is your take on all of this? Do you use YouTube at all?

AI

AI is capable of creating exploits from public CVEs

Posted on by Martin Brinkmann

AI tools are capable of writing exploits for publicly disclosed security vulnerabilities.

A team of University of Illinois researchers analyzed the capabilities of different Large Language Models in this regard. It found out that OpenAI’s GPT-4 managed to create exploit code for 87% of the tested vulnerabilities.

The figure dropped to 7% without access to the CVE description. Other AI models, including GPT-3.5, could not create any exploits based on public CVEs.

The researchers note:

When given the CVE description, GPT-4 is capable of exploiting 87% of these vulnerabilities compared to 0% for every other model we test (GPT-3.5, open-source LLMs) and open-source vulnerability scanners (ZAP and Metasploit).

The researchers did not put other large language models to test. Google Gemini or Claude 3, for example, were not part of the test.

How the tests were conducted

The researchers selected 15 day one vulnerabilities from the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures database for the test. All vulnerabilities were reproduced in “highly cited academic papers” according to the research paper.

The single large language model agent that the researchers created gave the AI access to tools, the CVE description, and the ReAct agent framework. Tools included capabilities to browse the Internet and activate elements, a code interpreter, and file creation.

Then agent consisted of a total of 91 lines of code according to the researchers.

AI is improving, but there are challenges

OpenAI’s GPT-4 large language model managed to create exploits for 87% of the 15 vulnerabilities. That’s a huge jump from GPT 3.5’s 0%.

The researchers have verified that — at least one — large language model is now capable of creating exploit code based on publicly available information.

While GPT-4 performed well in tests, it experienced its fair share of challenges as well. The detailed description of one vulnerability was provided in Chinese only, which the researches believe might have confused the AI, as the prompt given to it was provided in English.

The second vulnerability that GPT-4 could not crack required navigating a site using JavaScript navigation.

The researchers conclude that large language model providers and the cybersecurity community should take these capabilities into consideration, especially in regards to defensive measures.

Closing Words

The capabilities of large language models have increased significantly since the first release of ChatGPT last year. The capabilities will improve further in the coming months and years.

It is likely that threat actors will use large language models to automate processes. Exploits may be used sooner as a consequence by a wider pool of threat actors.

What is your take on this? Will we see an increase in exploit code in the coming years?

Cui Bono? Microsoft hides Sign Out button in Windows 11 Beta

Posted on by Martin Brinkmann

Microsoft released a new build to the Windows 11 Beta Insider Channel this week. One of the changes rolls out the new account manager of the Start Menu.

You may remember that Microsoft launched account related events already in the Start Menu of Windows 10 and 11. This feature advertises the benefits of using a Microsoft account to local users.

Users signed in with a Microsoft account get backup reminders. The backup feature uses Microsoft’s OneDrive feature.

Clearly, this feature is designed to drive Microsoft account conversions and also Microsoft 365 subscriptions. Backups require space and some users may need more than the free quota that Microsoft gives free Microsoft account users.

The new Windows 11 Start Menu account manager

Windows 11 new account manager Start Menu

Now comes the new Microsoft account manager. It replaces the current menu that opens when you click on the profile icon in the Start Menu.

Microsoft writes:

This update starts the roll out of the new account manager on Start menu. When you sign in with a Microsoft account, the new design gives you a quick glanceable view of your account benefits and makes it easy to manage account settings.

The new design displays information about the Microsoft account. In particular, it lists subscriptions and information about cloud storage.

There is also the obligatory reminder of “something” that the user needs to be aware of. It is possible that this is used for promotions, e.g., when a user is not subscribed to Xbox Game Pass Ultimate or Microsoft 365 yet. The text shown reminds the user to create recovery keys.

Something is missing: Microsoft does not mention it in its announcement, but the sign-out and account switching buttons are nowhere to be seen.

A click on the profile icon of the Start Menu shows options to sign out, switch to another user account, lock the device, or open the account settings.

Here is a screenshot of how this looks in Windows 11 Stable:

Windows 11 sign out

Microsoft moved the options behind the three-dots menu, at least for users signed-in to a Microsoft account.

The problem: this adds another click to the sign out, locking, and user switching process. Some users may also have problems locating the options once the change lands.

Closing Words

Call me disillusioned, but all of these changes do not sound particularly useful. Subscription information is already in the Settings app. There you also get banners in the new Homepage, which offers little for users, but another advertising space for Microsoft.

This change is not the only one that is currently in testing. Microsoft is also testing promoting apps in the recommended section of the Windows start menu.

There is also talk about a new taskbar button, which might also be used for recommendations, whatever that means in that context.

Are these changes beneficial to customers who use Windows? Or do they help Microsoft sell more subscriptions and increase the revenue of the Windows division?

What do you think about these changes?

Surprise: Edge’s Windows 11 Search Bar is not Bing-locked

Posted on by Martin Brinkmann

Search Bar adds a standalone search field to the Windows 11 desktop when enabled. It allows you to run searches from it. The main benefit is that you do not need to open a browser first to run searches.

Microsoft announced this week that the Search Bar is now available on Windows 11. You need Microsoft Edge for it and enable it before it becomes available on the desktop,

From here, it works exactly as you would imagine a desktop search tool to work. Type something, hit enter or click on the go button, and wait for the results to appear in the Edge browser.

Yes, since this is an Edge feature, it requires the browser.

Surprise: search is not locked down to Bing. If you have set a different default search provider in Edge, it is used.

Setting up Microsoft Edge’s Search Bar

Microsoft Edge Search Bar Enable

Here are the steps to launch the Search Bar on Windows 11 systems:

  1. Start Microsoft Edge.
  2. Select Menu > More Tools > Launch search bar.

If you do not see the option under More Tools, check for updates under Menu > Help and feedback > About Microsoft Edge.

Tip: you may hide the permanent sidebar button in Microsoft Edge, if you do not need it.

Using the new search option on Windows 11’s desktop

Search on Windows 11 desktop

The search widget appears on the desktop once you enable it in Edge. You can move it around freely on the desktop.

Type a phrase and you get suggestions from Microsoft Edge’s default search engine. Select any of them or submit the search phrase to launch the results page in Edge.

A click on the menu icon displays a few options. You may switch to guest mode here, which does not associate searches with a Microsoft account.

The desktop widget starts with Windows 11 by default. You may stop this from the menu as well.

Select the close option of the menu to exit.

It may surprise you that Microsoft has not locked down the search provider. Any provider set in Edge powers the searches.

Closing Words

Whether Search Bar is something that is useful to you is up to you. Windows 11 already has a search feature enabled that may run web searches. These are limited to Bing and Edge.

Good news is that it is not locked down and that it is not enabled by default. It is still limited to returning search results in Microsoft Edge. Whether MSEdgeRedirect takes care of that remains to be seen.

It is doubtful that this feature will convince non-Edge users to switch browsers. Those who use Edge and do not have Edge open all the time anyway may find it useful.

brightness

Windows 11 is changing the display brightness constantly? Here is how you turn that off

Posted on by Martin Brinkmann

Microsoft’s Windows 11 operating system supports a feature that changes the brightness of the display automatically. Depending on the environment or content displayed, it may lower or increase brightness on the device.

While that sounds like a useful feature, it comes with its own set of problems. Probably the biggest issue is that it may make unnecessary changes. Another issue that you may encounter is that it may change the brightness too frequently.

It may also react to manual brightness changes, making this a frustrating experience.

Technical information

How Windows 11 manages the automatic changing of brightness depends on the device. Some devices include light sensors that may react to environmental light information.

Launching Windows 11 in a bright room may cause an increase in brightness to counter this. In a darker room, it may tone down the brightness instead.

Microsoft launched Content Adaptive Brightness Control in Windows 11. The feature “provides ideal brightness and contrast levels” according to Microsoft while “saving power and providing longer battery life”.

Not all devices support the feature. The following chapters explain how to find out if it is supported on a Windows 11 device and how to manage it.

Configure brightness settings on Windows 11

Windows 11 Brightness Settings

Do the following to manage or disable the automatic Brightness feature on Windows 11 devices:

  1. Open the Start Menu and select Settings. You may also use the shortcut Windows-I to open Settings.
  2. Go to System > Display.
  3. Expand the Brightness section at the top.

Here, you find the following options:

  • Change the brightness of the display.
  • Enable or disable “Change brightness automatically when lighting changes”.
  • Change brightness based on content.

The last two options define whether automatic brightness changes are enabled on the system.

Change brightness automatically when lighting changes

This feature is only available on devices that have light sensors. The device analyzes the information of the sensors to adjust the brightness based on the information.

Uncheck the box to turn the feature off.

Change brightness based on content

This feature is available on all devices. Windows analyzes the content displayed to make changes to the brightness and contrast.

Available settings are:

  • Off — The feature is disabled. Windows 11 won’t change the brightness based on the content that is viewed automatically.
  • Always — The feature is enabled. Windows 11 will change the brightness on battery and when plugged in.
  • On Battery Only — The feature is enabled. Windows 11 will change the brightness only on battery power.

Another setting that may cause automatic brightness changes

WIndows 11 lower brightness on battery saver

Windows 11 maintains another setting that may change the brightness on devices automatically. This one lowers the screen brightness only when battery saver is enabled.

Here is how you configure that option (or turn it off):

  1. Select Start and then Settings to open the Settings app.
  2. Navigate to System > Power & Battery.
  3. Expand Battery Saver on the page that opens.

The following options are revealed:

  • Battery saver — Enable or disable Battery Saver manually.
  • Turn battery saver on automatically at — When Windows 11 will turn the battery saver feature on by itself. Options include Never, Always and a battery value between 10% and 50%.
  • Lower screen brightness when using battery saver — may lower the brightness of the screen when battery saver is turned on.

Uncheck the last option to prevent Windows from making changes to the brightness.

Closing Words

If you want to block Windows 11 from making automatic changes to the brightness or contrast, turn off both options.

Uncheck “Change brightness automatically when lighting changes” and set “Change brightness based on content” to off.

The changes take effect immediately. Note that disabling the feature may cause increased power usage.

Copilot key

AI File Explorer may have these requirements

Posted on by Martin Brinkmann

AI File Explorer is one of the tools that Microsoft is rumored to integrated into the next version of Windows. These tools are designed for AI PCs specifically.

Everything is a bit murky right now, as Microsoft is keeping is not revealing much about:

  • what defines an AI PC.
  • the features that make AI PCs.
  • the requirements of AI PCs.

While that is keeping the suspense, it is also confusing. Should you wait buying a new PC or laptop to make sure that it matches Microsoft’s definition and gets all AI features?

A few tidbits leaked on the Internet. AI PCs do need a neural processing unit and need to have a dedicated Copilot key on the keyboard. AI PCs may also need at least 16GB of RAM.

None of this has been confirmed officially by Microsoft at this point. Maybe Build 2024 will shed some light into the darkness.

AI File Explorer requirements

Windows detective Albacore found information about AI PCs recently. In build 26100, which may be Windows 11 24H2 RTM, Albacore found the following information:

  • ARM64 CPU
  • 16GB of RAM.
  • 225GB System Drive.
  • Snapdragon X Elite NPU

The 16GB requirement leaked earlier. It seems unlikely that AI File Explorer will only be available on ARM64 Windows devices.

My guess: The requirements are for ARM PCs that run Windows. Intel and AMD PCs will also get the functionality, provided that they meet certain processor requirements. The 16GB requirement is likely universal across all AI PCs though.

It is almost certain that some AI PC features require a NPU, a neural processing unit. Still, Microsoft has not revealed much about these features. It is not even clear what AI File Explorer will bring to the table.

One possible feature that it could add would be natural language processing. You could ask it to show photos from the last vacation, videos that show a beach scene, a specific document, or a list of recently created executables.

This could be interesting to some users.

Closing Words

Microsoft will lift the curtain on AI PCs, their features and requirements, in the coming months. If you are interested in the functionality, you may want to postpone any purchases planned regarding Windows devices.

What about you? Would you use AI PC functionality? What would you like to see?

Microsoft Copilot app

Microsoft says installation of Copilot app was a bug

Posted on by Martin Brinkmann

Microsoft confirmed that Edge updates may install the Copilot app on Windows devices. The company calls the app “Microsoft chat provider for Copilot in Windows”.

Microsoft added a new known issue on the Windows 11 version 23H2 dashboard. It confirms an issue that was first observed in March 2023.

Some Windows users noticed that Microsoft was installing a Copilot app on their devices. This app appeared after Microsoft Edge updates, including the update to Microsoft Edge 123 at the end of March 2024.

While sporting the Copilot name, it did not power the Copilot feature of the Windows operating system.

How to check if the app is installed: Select Start > Settings > Apps >Installed Apps, and search for Copilot.

Microsoft confirms the bug

Today, Microsoft confirmed that the installation of the application is a bug. The company writes:

Updates to Edge browser version 123.0.2420.65, released on March 28, 2024 and later, might incorrectly install a new package (MSIX) called ‘Microsoft chat provider for Copilot in Windows’ on Windows devices. Resulting from this, the Microsoft Copilot app might appear in the Installed apps in Settings menu.

Microsoft says that the app “does not execute any code or process” and that it “does not acquire, analyze, or transmit device or environment data in any capacity”.

What it does: Microsoft explains that the app is “intended to prepare some Windows devices for future Windows Copilot enablement” and that it is not intended for all devices.

Microsoft plans to remove the Microsoft Copilot app from Windows devices it is not intended for.

The company does not define “devices that it is intended for”, which makes it difficult to figure out if it was installed by error on a particular device. The only hint Microsoft provides is that it is not intended for most Windows Server devices.

How Microsoft plans to rectify the issue: Microsoft plans to release an update for Microsoft Edge to resolve the issue.

This is not the first Edge bug in recent time. Back in January, Microsoft Edge started to import tabs from Chrome automatically on user devices.

Have you used Copilot?

Firefox 125.0.1

Firefox 125 skipped – Firefox 125.0.1 released

Posted on by Martin Brinkmann

Mozilla’s original plan was to release Firefox 125.0. Stable today. This did not happen and Mozilla revealed that it had to postpone the release.

Now it appears that Firefox 125.0.1 has been released, on the same day. The new version of Firefox is already in distribution. Most Firefox desktop installations get updated automatically eventually.

Users who do not want to wait for that to happen may follow the top below to run a manual check for updates.

Tip: you can check your Firefox version by selecting Menu > Help > About Firefox on desktop. On mobile, you select Menu > Settings > About Firefox.

Security information: Firefox 125.0.1 addresses several security issues in the browser. The aggregate security rating is “high” and there appear to be no attacks in the wild. You can check out the security updates here.

Firefox 125.0.1: major changes

Firefox 125.0.1 is a security and feature release. As far as features are concerned, here are the major changes:

  • Better media streaming — support for AV1 codec for Encrypted Media Extensions (EME) added. Means that video providers may use this codec to deliver streams to Firefox.
  • Firefox PDF Viewer — supports text highlighting now. The feature is rolled out gradually.
  • Firefox View — displays pinned tabs in the “open tabs” section.
  • Addresses — save and autofill addresses, but only in the U.S. and Canada.
  • Downloads — Firefox blocks more downloads that it considers potentially untrustworthy.
  • Address Bar — clipboard URLs are now shown as suggestions at the top (but only if the site is not open already).
  • Web Proxy Auto Discovery — option to enable the feature when using system proxy settings.

Closing Words

While it is still unclear why the release of Firefox 125.0. had to be cancelled, the same day release of Firefox 125.0.1 is commendable. Mozilla seems to have fixed whatever caused the retraction of Firefox 125.

Firefox 125.0.1 makes the same changes and most users probably do not even notice the release change.

What is your take on this new release? Any feature you like?

Opera

Opera: 63% increase in new monthly users in Europe

Posted on by Martin Brinkmann

Opera Software announced that on April 10, 2025 that it saw an increase in monthly new users by 63% on iOS one month after the Digital Market Acts came into force in Europe.

Apple, much like Google on Android, is required to display a browser choice screen to users. The aim here is to level the playing field and limit Apple’s and Google’s ability to prioritize their own browsers over others.

Apple iOS users may still select Safari as the default browser. The browser choice screen allows them to pick another browser.

Opera Software claims furthermore that it is also seeing growth in regards to being selected as the default browser on iOS. This metric increased by 39% from March 3rd to April 4th, 2024.

The countries with the largest jump in monthly new users are:

  • France with 146%.
  • Germany with 57%.
  • Spain with 50%.
  • Poland with 45%.
  • Italy with 20%.

Opera Software does not reveal usage numbers. In 2023, Opera Software said that it had about 350 million users across all supported platforms. Back in 2020, Opera announced that it had reached 300 million users, 232 million on mobile alone.

If the numbers are correct, Opera is seeing significant growth on iOS in Europe.

Other browser makers are also seeing upticks in usage. Brave Software, for example, saw a huge jump in daily installs after the browser choice screen rolled out on iOS.

Mozilla too reported that it saw a jump in users in select European countries. The organization said that its German users increased by 50% and the users in France by 30% in the time.

Closing Words

Even if you do not use any of the browsers, it is good to see efforts to level the playing field. Apple having to allow other browsing engines on iOS is another milestone. While Apple seems to fight this in different ways, it is probably only a matter of time before pure Chromium and Firefox browsers are launching on iOS.

Which browser do you prefer on mobile?

YT Channel Downloader review

Posted on by Martin Brinkmann

YT Channel Downloader is an open source downloader for YouTube videos. It supports downloading individual videos and also entire channels or playlists. You can download it from its GitHub repository. It is available for Windows, Linux, and macOS devices.

The program is based on yt-dlp, scrapetube, and pytube, but much easier to use.

The main interface is almost barebones. It features an URL field at the top. Paste YouTube URLs into the field and hit Fetch afterwards to get a list of found videos returned. Fetching may take a few seconds to complete.

Videos are listed with their name and link only. Other information, such as playtime or maximum resolution, are not shown.

From here, it takes two additional clicks to download all videos to the local system. Activate the “select all” button to check all videos, and hit the download button next to start the process.

You may also select individual videos to download only them, or enable audio conversions in the settings.

YT Channel Downloader

Before you start using the program, you may want to open File > Settings. Here you find just a few options:

  • Change the local download folder.
  • Enable conversion to audio files.
  • Set the preferred video format and quality.
  • Set the preferred audio format and quality.

Once set, the program runs almost on autopilot. It is a great way of quickly downloading videos for offline viewing. Ideal before you make a long trip, but also for safekeeping.

Tip: here is a method to download age-restricted YouTube videos without account.

Closing Words

YT Channel Download is an easy to use program. It makes the downloading of videos from YouTube channels or playlists almost effortlessly.

While that is great for getting things done quickly, it lacks options that other downloaders may support. There is no option to download subtitles or process videos in any way after download (other than converting them to audio).

Not everyone needs these options. If you just want a reliable mass downloader that is easy to use, this may be it.

The program worked reliably during tests. Fetching may take a while. It seems to depend on the channel or playlist that you want analyzed.